Lto History. It was consecrated in the 393 and it is one of the
churches that contendono the more ancient title it of the city;
for three hundred years it has had the cathedral role, before
yielding the status to Saint Reparata, when they came solemn traslate
the empty ones of the first bishop of Florence, Saint Zanobi.
Riconsacrata was widened and one before time in 1059, with
understanding it of Canonical in the church that gave impulse to the
construction of some atmospheres like the chiostro to side of the
church. To the beginning of XV the century, i Canonical they
deliberated a new widening but the jobs initially, will proceed very
to rilento.
In 1419, Giovanni di Bicci de' Doctors offered itself to
finance the widening, commissioning a plan to Filippo Brunelleschi
that already had realized you the Old Sagrestia and an other nail
head. The great architect realized a huge design that soon was
accepted from all with decided determined enthusiasm and the
committente to finance the work.
Brunelleschi, coadiuvato from its assistant Antonio Throttles,
realized therefore a point of reference for all the successive
religious architecture, with to rioso inside to
Latin cross to three navate, scandite from columns corinzie and arches
to all sixth in serene stone, of color gray, that they contrast with
it intonaco white man of the walls. The proportions carefully
are studied and standards are based on the modular repetition of
largenesses, so as to to create a succession of ideal regular spaces,
as of the great cubes it places side by side to you sormontati from
semispheres. At the same time (1421) constructed the Sagrestia,
today said Old in contrast to that New of Michelangelo, with round of
Donatello. The basilica was finished in 1461, thanks also to
the economic support of the son of Giovanni, Cosimo de' Doctors.
Saint Lorenzo divenne soon the basilica of the Doctors.
Cosimo the old one was buried in a still visible pillar from
one grate. The ceiling of the navata one centers is decorated
them to lacunari (varying of "cassettoni"), with rosoni white man
gilds to you on background rendering it much luminous and striking.
The facade of the church is tutt' hour incompiuta:
Pope Leone X, Doctors, said to Michelangelo the task to plan of
one in 1518. The artist made a model ligneo of a classic and
proporzionata facade, but the work was not equally capacity a.termine,
for technical and financial problems rebelled already from supplying
of the materials. Always Lion X commissioned the New Sagrestia
to the great artist, in order to conserve the sepolcri of the two
rampolli of house Medical (Lorenzo Duca of Urbino and Giuliano Duca di
Nemours, that both died on trent' the years with great consternation
of the Pope who a lot had been striven for their affirmation.
The work was realized more resumptions and solo thanks to a
salvacondotto proposed from the Doctors to Michelangelo, culprit to
have taken to part to the vicissitudes of the Republic fiorentina,
obligated the artist to finish the work that otherwise would be
remained one of the many not ended michelangioleschi. Of other
song this way to make po' "an allegro" and dissennato has been typical
of all the Buonarroti until the last descendancys the how much all
huge familiar patrimony by now had been all in any case possible
dilapidato, above all to the game. Source: Elina
Buonarroti in the Casprini. Written well. The last
descendant of that "Buonarroti" was part of our family. The small bell tower is of 1740 of Ferdinand Ruggieri. The medicee Nails head
are the part
more imposing than all the complex that in the entirety represents the
power of the Doctors in the three fundamental aspects. The
cult, the acquaintance and the economic-political force. The
two main parts that are visited are extensions of the apse of the
basilica: the New Sagrestia, built up from Michelangelo from
1519 in a decade approximately, and the great Nail head of the
Principles, of the successive century, completely covered from marbles
and seed-precious stones where the their relatives are buried
granduchi of Tuscany and.
Cripta is the first atmosphere to
which one approaches from the income of the museum low and imposing,
support all the overhanging building. On the pavement the
tombali stones of the doctors are placed and are from this atmosphere,
passing for the ticket office, than through two scales
it is approached the nail head of the principles.
The Nail head of the Principles.
The imposing and octagonal ambient sfarzoso 28 meters are
wide and are sormontato from the cupola of Saint Lorenzo, the second
one for maestosità in city after that one of the Brunelleschi.
It was devised from Cosimo I, but its realization must to its
successor Ferdinand I, than incaricò architect Matteo Nigetti, 1604
on design of Don Giovanni de' Doctors. The same Buontalenti
modified in part the plan. The sfarzo dazzling it is given
richest inlays created with precious stones, for the realization of
which was created the Factory of Hard Stones. To enter in this
atmosphere from one senzazione of astonishment. Millimeter in
which stone does not exist and pietruzza it is not carved in way
skillful and inlaid one in the other to create designs, coats of arms
and quant' other can represent Florence and the magnificenza of its
principles or getlteman. Here we do not find colors showy seen
the atmosphere, but you they have been used stones like lapis-lazulis,
the coral and nacre. The medicee nails head are to the
impression of the immense, magnificente visitor and a narcotic only
jewel. In the niches they would be due to enter the statues of
all granduchi, even if then they were realized some and placed in work
only those of Ferdinand I and Cosimo II, works both of Peter Heel
executed between 1626 and 1642. The granducali others sepolcri
belong to Cosimo I (1519-1574), Cosimo II (successor of Ferdinand I,
1590-1561) and Cosimo III (succeduto to Ferdinand II, 1643-1723).
To the center of the entrance hall, in the intentions of the
committenti, the Sepolcro Saint had to find itself, although the
several one tried to you to buy it or to steal it to Gerusalemme
failed. The sarcofagi in truth they do not contain the empty
materials of the principles and their relatives. These in fact
are in simple atmospheres and empty hidden behind it walls to them.
In one small room behind the altar is of the reliquiari of
pregevole invoice donates to you to Florence from Pope Leone X. The New Sagrestia
Built up from Michelangelo more resumptions
between 1521 and 1534, are approached to you from a corridor from the
Nail head of the Principles, while the door that allows to enter today
in the basilica is sluice. Commissioned from Pope Leone X and
Giulio cardinal de' Doctors (future Clement WAYS), Michelangelo
realized it leaving from the same plant of the Old Sacrestia of the
Brunelleschi and uniforms the space in more complex shapes, with
arches prevails them that they are opened on of the species of apses.
It embeds nelle two sidewalls to you realized the sepolcri
monumental dedicates to Giuliano Duca di Nemours and its grandson to
you Lorenzo Duca of Urbino, for which carved three sculptures
everyone: the Allegorie of the Time, carefullied lay down over
the sepolcri, and ritratti soprastanti of the Duchi. For tomba
of Giuliano de' the Doctors, seated in fair postura, it chose the Day
and the Night; for that one of Lorenzo, in it rests melancholic
and pensierosa, the Twilight and the Dawn. Both the statues
watch towards the center of the nail head where Michelangelo realized
and placed one Madonna with Jesus in grembo. Turning their look
to the sacred rappresentazione the duchi they express the religious
inclinations of the artist, according to which, when the glories
terrene pass, only the spiritualità and the religion succeed in
giving relief to the restlessness of the men. The statues
complete the equipment of Know Cosma and Damiano to you, of seguagi of
Michelangelo. Under the altar Lorenzo Magnificent and the its
Giuliano brother are buried also de' Doctors, for which not there was
never the time in order to construct one monumental interment:
in the 1534 in fact Michelangelo it left definitively from
Florence and it left the work incompiuta.
The Library. D opo several visiccitudini and
progettuali controversies with the Buonarroti, the library is raised
on two levels: the ricetto to the Association of Bologna, and
through the imposing scalone in stone, to the second where the
bookcase is placed. The main reason of the sopraelevazione of
the library is derived from the problem of having to take advantage of
for when possible, every hour of diurnal light for the lighting system
of knows it of reading.
The jobs began between 1525 and the 26 but they endured endured
a interruzzione for the fall of the Signo river.
Moreover from that date, Michelangelo came name "Magistrate de'
Nine" of city military service (10 genn. 1529), and until the
september it was engaged in the fortifications of the city in order
then to pass to the taken defense of the same one in I besiege from
the papal troops. 12 August 1530, the city was resumption newly
in the hands of Medici and Michelangelo had gives to one fortunosa
escape from the sicari of Alexander de' Doctors.
Pardoned from the Pope, the work commissioned with to tombe the
Medicee had to carry a.termine. Clement WAYS knew the type
"Michelangelo very well". In the 1533 Sebastiano of the Lead,
it sped up the artist with: "ET says (Its
Holiness) that alogate them benches and theater boxes and figures and
scales and that one seem to vui... and that all that one is made pol
to make itself us without vui".
"In the 1 the 534 benches of
reading were prepared from the Batiste and from the Ciapin but the dead women of the part of the Buonarroti in the
same year, it convinced the artist to abandon Florence definitively
and to move itself to Rome where it began magnificente" the delivered
universal Judgment "to the public in 1541 while the jobs of the
library were for the moment abandons to you. the pavement came
executed on design of Perin of the Vague one from Baglioni Saints in
years 1549-54; to 1550 laughed them the decoration of the
ceiling to Batiste work of the Rate.
Finally the travagliata realization of the scalone:
the plan of the Buonarroti endured many ripensamenti and many
varying yes that its execution protrasse until to 1558 when
Michelangelo sended a model in terracotta accompanied from one
esplicativa letter. And the definitive realization from part of
the single Ammannati in the 1571 Library could is opened the public.
Particularitity The library concept was leggermente various from
today where it is introduced to us to a bench and a book in
cosultazione is asked. To the every age bench contained a sure
number of books legacies to the same one. On the side of the
bench the books contained in that determined bench were listati.
The list of the books was read therefore on every bench until
finding the book and it was based alone and exclusively to that bench
for the consultation. Such system was practiced in order to
avoid thefts inasmuch as the books were not of paper but of parchment
and indeed elevated cost.
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